Hello Helmut,
1)
From the output of sdbverify it looks like there are some modified permissions.
If you run into permission problems, you can check the permissions according to this wiki section.
http://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/display/MaxDB/UNIX+and+Linux+File+System+Permissions+for+SAP+MaxDB
This wiki section describes the permissions for MaxDB and liveCache databases as of version 7.5.00 up to 7.7.xx.
After you fix the permissions, run the sdbverify again to make sure there are no permission issues.
The ownership and permissions should set correctly by database installation/update tools. Please don't change then manualy.
2)
What is the version of SAP Kernel you are using ?
You need to check if you have the minimum required version of MaxDB client software for the SAP Kernel version.
It is mandatory to update the MaxDB client software to the minimum recommended version when you update your SAP Kernel release.
Please note that the SQLDBC runtime versions are used depending on the SAP release but independent of the SAP MaxDB core version.
=>Refer to SAP Note: 822239 - FAQ: SAP MaxDB interfaces (Section 14[F])
14. Which SQLDBC version is used in which SAP releases?
Regards, Yashwanth